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Du Yuesheng
Chinese mobster (–)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Du.
Du Yuesheng | |
|---|---|
| Born | Du Yuesheng (Chinese: 杜月生; pinyin: Dù yuèshēng) ()22 August Gaoqiao, Pudong, French Concession |
| Died | 16 August () (aged&#;62) British Hong Kong |
| Resting place | Du Yuesheng Cemetery, Xizhi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Occupation | Underworld Leader |
| Height | 5'10 |
| Spouses |
Meng Xiaodong &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#; |
| Children |
|
Du Yuesheng (22 August &#;&#; 16 August ), nicknamed "Big-Eared Du",[1] was a Chinese mob boss who spent much of his life in Shanghai.
He made his fortune in the opium trade before transforming into a financial tycoon. He supported Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang in their fight against the Communists and Japanese. In April , on the eve of the fall of Shanghai, Du moved to Hong Kong, where he lived until his death in
Names
Du's original name was Du Yuesheng (Chinese: 杜月生; pinyin: Dù Yuèshēng; Wade–Giles: Tu4 Yüeh4-sheng1).
Later, on the advice of Zhang Binglin, Du changed his name to Du Yong (traditional Chinese: 杜鏞; simplified Chinese: 杜镛; pinyin: Dù Yōng; Wade–Giles: Tu4 Yung1), pseudonymYuesheng (Chinese: 月笙; pinyin: Yuèshēng; Wade–Giles: Yüeh4-sheng1; same pronunciation as his original name but written differently in Chinese).[2] Other than pinyin, Du Yuesheng is variously transliterated as Dou Yu-Seng, Tu Yueh-sheng or Du Yueh-sheng,
Early life
Du was born in Gaoqiao and his family moved to Shanghai in , a year after his birth.
Du yuesheng biography of abraham lincoln for kids Thomas Harris. Abraham Lincoln , a bronze statue by Adolph Weinman , sits before a historic church in Hodgenville, Kentucky. Huang, who was nicknamed "Pockmarked Huang," had little interest in paperwork but was good at befriending criminals and lowlife. Washburne recognized him on the platform upon arrival and loudly called out to him.By the time he was nine years old, Du had lost his immediate family — his mother died in childbirth, his sister was sold into slavery, his father died, and his stepmother vanished — so he went back to Gaoqiao and lived with his grandmother. He returned to Shanghai in and worked at a fruit stall in the French Concession but was later fired for theft.
He wandered around for some time before becoming a bodyguard in a brothel, where he became acquainted with the Green Gang. He joined the gang at the age of
Rise to power and crime
Du was soon introduced by a friend to Huang Jinrong, the highest-ranked Chinese detective in the French Concession Police (FCP) and one of Shanghai's most notorious gangsters.
Huang's wife Lin Guisheng was a notable criminal in her own right, and she favoured the young Du. Even though Huang was not a member of the Green Gang, Du became Huang's gambling and opium enforcer.
Biography of abraham lincoln books By the s Lincoln had become a hero to political conservatives [ ] —apart from neo-Confederates such as Mel Bradford , who denounced his treatment of the white South—for his intense nationalism, his support for business, his insistence on stopping the spread of slavery, his acting on Lockean and Burkean principles on behalf of both liberty and tradition, and his devotion to the principles of the Founding Fathers. Main article: Early life and career of Abraham Lincoln. The Atlantic. I do no more than oppose the extension of slavery.A stickler for fine clothing and women, Du was now cemented; he wore only Chinese silks, surrounded himself with White Russian bodyguards, and frequented the city's best nightclubs and sing-song houses. Du was also known for having a superstitious streak — he had three small monkey heads, specially imported from Hong Kong, sewn to his clothes at the small of his back.
Du's prestige led him to purchase a four-storey, Western-style mansion in the French Concession and have dozens of concubines, four legal wives and six sons, but his meteoric rise as Shanghai's best known mobster only came after Huang Jinrong's arrest in by the Shanghai Garrison police[3] for his public beating of Lu Xiaojia, son of the then Shanghai-ruling tuchun Lu Yongxiang.
By various accounts, Lu Xiaojia either booed the singer Lu Lanchun off the stage or started pursuing her, who married Huang in It required Du's diplomacy and finances to save his mentor, after which Du, Huang, and Zhang Xiaolin, another Green Gang member, became sworn brothers, together known as the "Three Tycoons of Shanghai."
By the s, Du controlled much of Shanghai's gambling dens, prostitution, and protection rackets.
With the tacit support of the police and colonial government, he also now ran the French Concession's opium trade, and became heavily addicted to his own drug.[1]
Alliance with the Kuomintang
Du had close ties with Chiang Kai-shek, who in turn had ties to both the Green Gang and other organised secret societies from his early years in Shanghai.
In April , Du, along with his sworn brothers Huang Jinrong and Zhang Xiaolin, conspired with Chiang to form the Chinese Progress Association (中华共进会), a para-militant group masquerading as a left-wing group to prepare for Chiang's coup. On the night of April 11, Du's right-hand man, Wan Molin, killed Wang Shouhua, Shanghai's labor leader, at Du's residence.
Du yuesheng biography of abraham lincoln author Their lives were dramatic and dangerous - although two died in their later years Zhang was assassinated by a bodyguard. Simon and Schuster. Randall and Richard N. In the spring of , Lincoln was sufficiently optimistic about upcoming military campaigns to think the end of the war could be near; the plans included attacks by Hooker on Lee north of Richmond, Rosecrans on Chattanooga, Grant on Vicksburg, and a naval assault on Charleston.Du's gang members, wearing armbands marked "Labor" (工), then set upon the city's workers and left-wing activists, leading up to Chiang's Shanghai massacre.
Chiang established the Nanjing Nationalist Government after the coup, rewarding Du with a title of major general and advisory positions to the military headquarters and the Executive Yuan.
The French Concession authorities also appointed Du as an advisor to the Chinese director of the Public Council. Du also helped the Kuomintang with the intelligence gathering in Shanghai, forging a brotherhood with Dai Li and Yang Hu.
Starting in , Du ventured into the financial world, founding Zhonghui Bank and later becoming a director or supervisor at the Bank of China and the Bank of Communications.
He also became a director at the Shanghai Cotton Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
After the Mukden Incident in , Du became active in wartime services, organizing donation drives, boycotts of Japanese goods, and funding academic and artistic activities. In the same year, Du used his financial and political clout to open a temple dedicated to his ancestors, celebrating its opening with a grand three-day party attended by hundreds of celebrities and a gifted plaque from Chiang Kai-shek.
However, within months, the temple's private wings were converted into a heroin manufacturing facility, making it one of East Asia's largest drug factories.[4]
Du established the Heng Society in November as a front for political activities. When the Second World War broke out in , Du, unlike his sworn brother Zhang Xiaolin, refused to cooperate with the Japanese and eventually fled to Hong Kong.
Green Gang operatives cooperating with Dai Li, Chiang's intelligence chief, continued to smuggle weapons and goods to the Nationalist forces throughout the war. Du served as a board member of the Chinese Red Cross, and also established several companies and factories in the free area of China.
After the war, Du returned to Shanghai, founded the newspaper Shang Pao, with the intention to be the mayor but eventually gave up to Wu Shaoshu under Chiang's pressure. Du instead was elected representative of the People's Congress of the Nationalist Government in He was also president or director of over 70 commercial organizations, and held leadership roles in more than enterprises and institutions.
The relationship between Du and Chiang, however, further soured when Chiang's son, Chiang Ching-kuo, launched an anti-corruption campaign in Shanghai in , with Du's son, Du Weiping, was targeted and eventually sentenced to six months.
Exile in Hong Kong and death
In , on the eve of the fall of Shanghai, Du moved to British Hong Kong, despite the olive branches from both the Kuomintang and Communists.
His health deteriorated rapidly due to asthma. He died in Hong Kong in [4] Allegedly, his body was taken by one of his wives to Taiwan, and buried in Xizhi District, New Taipei, though some are skeptical that his tomb actually contains his body.[5] Following his internment the Taiwanese authorities constructed a statue of Du in Xizhi.
The four-character inscription on the statue praises Du's "loyalty" and "personal integrity".[1]
Personal life
Du Yuesheng had five wives during his lifetime: Shen Yueying, Chen Yuying, Sun Peihao, Yao Yulan and Meng Xiaodong (wed ; divorced ).
Du yuesheng biography of abraham lincoln Huang's wife Lin Guisheng was a notable criminal in her own right, and she favoured the young Du. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. Lawrence Thomas Harris.Du had eight sons and three daughters. His eight sons are Du Weiping, Du Weishan, Du Weixi, Du Weihan, Du Weiwei, Du Weining, Du Weixin and Du Weiwei. His three daughters are Du Meiru, Du Meixia and Du Meijuan.
Du Weishan, Du's seventh son, served as one of the first secret intermediaries between Taipei and Beijing in the early s, when the two administrations did not have official channels of communication.[6] He was also a numismatist who then lived in Vancouver, Canada, and passed away in March ;[7] later in his life he donated ancient coins to the Shanghai Museum for a value of billion yuan.[8]
Du Meiru, Du's eldest daughter, settled with her husband in Jordan in the s and operated a restaurant.[9] She also took part as herself in the film I wish I knew by Jia Zhangke.[10]
In popular culture
Some depictions of Du in popular culture include:
- The novel White Shanghai by Elvira Baryakina (Ripol Classic, , ISBN&#;) mentions the story of Du's coming to power.
- The short story "Mother Tongue" by Amy Tan mentions Du's early days and purported visit to Tan's mother's wedding.
- Lord of the East China Sea (上海皇帝之歲月風雲) and Lord of the East China Sea II (上海皇帝之雄霸天下), a two-set Hong Kong film based on Du's life.
Ray Lui plays the lead character Lu Yunsheng (陸雲生).
- The Founding of a Republic (建国大业), a historical film commissioned by the Chinese government. Du is portrayed by Feng Xiaogang in a cameo role.
- The Last Tycoon (大上海), a Hong Kong film, where the main character Cheng Daqi (成大器), portrayed by Chow Yun-fat and Huang Xiaoming at two different stages in his life, is loosely based on Du.
- In the Hong KongTVB Drama Lord of Shanghai. The main character of the drama is based on Du Yuesheng which is named Kiu Ngo Tin.
Kiu Ngo Tin is portrayed by Anthony Wong and the younger version is portrayed by Kenneth Ma.
- A cancelled video game Whore of the Orient was going to be set in Shanghai during Du's rule.
- Fictionalized characters, which to various extents were inspired by Du and by events from his life, were featured in the film Ba bai zhuang shi, the film Da Shang Hai , the film Luo man di ke xiao wang shi, and the film Jian jun da ye.[citation needed]