Amelia earhart family

Lockheed Model 10 Electra

Twin-engined light airliner

Not to be confused with the unrelated later turboprop airliner, the Lockheed L Electra.

The Lockheed Model 10 Electra is an American twin-engined, all-metal monoplaneairliner developed by the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, which was produced primarily in the s to compete with the Boeing and Douglas DC The type gained considerable fame as one was flown by Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan on their ill-fated around-the-world expedition in

Design and development

Some of Lockheed's wooden designs, such as the Orion, had been built by Detroit Aircraft Corporation with metal fuselages.

However, the Electra was Lockheed's first all-metal and twin-engined design by Lloyd Stearman[1][2] and Hall Hibbard. The name Electra came from a star in the Pleiades. The prototype made its first flight on February 23, , with Marshall Headle at the controls.[3]

Wind-tunnel work on the Electra was undertaken at the University of Michigan.

Much of the work was performed by a student assistant, Kelly Johnson. He suggested two changes be made to the design: changing the single tail to double tails (later a Lockheed trademark), and deleting oversized wing fillets. Both of these suggestions were incorporated into production aircraft.[4] Upon receiving his master's degree, Johnson joined Lockheed as a regular employee, ultimately leading the Skunk Works in developing advanced aircraft such as the Lockheed SR Blackbird.

The Lockheed Electra was one of the first commercial passenger aircraft with retractable landing gear to come equipped with mudguards as standard equipment, although aircraft with fixed landing gear commonly had mudguards much earlier than this.[5]

Operational history

After October , when the US government banned single-engined aircraft for use in carrying passengers or in night flying, Lockheed was perfectly placed in the market with its new Model 10 Electra.

In addition to deliveries to US-based airlines, several European operators added Electras to their prewar fleets. In Latin America, the first airline to use Electras was Cubana de Aviación, starting in , for its domestic routes.

  • Amelia earhart planes names and prices
  • Amelia earhart planes names list
  • Amelia earhart planes names and numbers

    • Besides airline orders, a number of non-commercial civil operators also purchased the new Model [6] In May , H. T. "Dick" Merrill and J. S. Lambie accomplished a round-trip crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. The feat was declared the first round-trip commercial crossing of that ocean by any aircraft.

    It won them the Harmon Trophy. On the eastbound trip, they carried newsreels of the crash of the Hindenburg, and on the return trip from the United Kingdom, they brought photographs of the coronation of King George VI. Bata Shoes operated the Model 10 to ferry its executives between their European factories.

    Probably the most famous use of the Electra was the highly modified Model 10E flown by Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan.

    In July , they disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean during an attempted round-the-world flight.[6]

    Many Electras and their design descendants (the Model 12 Electra Junior and Model 14 Super Electra) were pressed into military service during World War II, for instance the USAAF's C. By the end of the war, the Electra design was obsolete, although many smaller airlines and charter services continued to operate Electras into the s.[6]

    Electras were popular as private planes for royalty in Asia and Europe.

    In India, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir and the Maharaja of Jodhpur both purchased them for their personal use in [7]

    Variants

    The Electra was produced in several variants, for both civilian and military customers. Lockheed built a total of Electras.

    Electra A
    Powered by two Pratt & Whitney R Wasp Junior SB, &#;hp (&#;kW) each; produced.
    Electra B
    Powered by Wright RE3 Whirlwind, &#;hp (&#;kW) each; 18 produced
    Electra C
    Powered by Pratt & Whitney R Wasp SC1, &#;hp (&#;kW) each; eight produced for Pan American Airways.
    Electra D
    Proposed military transport version; none built.
    Electra E
    Powered by Pratt & Whitney R Wasp S3H1, &#;hp (&#;kW) each; 15 produced.

    The version used by Amelia Earhart.

    • Five impressed by the U.S. Army Air Forces as CB, redesignated as UCB in
    XC

    Main article: Lockheed XC

    Experimental pressurized research model powered by turbochargedPratt & Whitney XR, &#;hp (&#;kW) each. The one production model was tested for the War Department by Lieutenant Benjamin S.

    Kelsey. For this work, the Army Air Corps was awarded the Collier Trophy.[8]

    Lockheed KXL1
    A single Lockheed Model 10 Electra supplied to the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service for evaluation.

    Operators

    Civil operators

    &#;Australia
    &#;Brazil
    &#;Canada
    &#;Chile
    &#;Cuba
    &#;Czechoslovakia
    &#;Mexico
    &#;Netherlands
    &#;New Zealand
    &#;Panama
    &#;Poland
    &#;Romania
    &#;United Kingdom
    &#;United States
    &#;Venezuela
    &#;Yugoslavia

    Military operators

    &#;Argentina
    &#;Brazil
    &#;Canada
    &#;Honduras
    &#;Nicaragua
    &#;Spain
    &#;Japan
    &#;United Kingdom
    &#;United States
    &#;Venezuela

    Surviving aircraft

    • – Electra 10A on static display at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[14][15]
    • – Electra 10E on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington.[16][17]
    • – Electra 10A on display at the Oakland Aviation Museum in Oakland, California.[18]
    • – Electra 10A on static display at the Science Museum in London.[19]
    • Muriel – Electra 10E on static display at the Amelia Earhart Hangar Museum at Amelia Earhart Airport in Atchison, Kansas.

      Delivered to Atchison in August , it was previously owned by Grace McGuire, who had planned on using it to recreate Amelia Earhart's around-the-world flight.[20][21][22]

    • – Electra 10A on static display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.[23] Originally an XR2O-1 used for transporting high ranking staff by the U.S.

      Navy, it is now painted in Northwest Airlines colors. At one point it was intended to use this machine for a recreation of the Earhart flight but it was not carried out.[24][25]

    • – Electra 10A airworthy with Ivo Lukačovič at Točná Airport in Točná, Prague.[26] Registered previously as OK-CTB (now NM), it was one of two owned by Bata Shoe Co.

      in Prague, Czechoslovakia before WWII. At the outbreak of WWII it was evacuated to England, and onward to Canada where it served with the RCAF. After a succession of US owners, it was eventually reacquired by Bata Shoe, and fully restored by Wichita Air Services in Newton, Kansas.[27] Wearing its original colors and registration marks, it was ferried back to Prague in May [28][29]

    • – Electra 10A on static display at the Canada Aviation and Space Museum in Ottawa, Ontario.

      Originally purchased by Trans-Canada Air Lines as their first new aircraft, it was transferred to the RCAF in , with whom it served for most of World War II. After the war it was operated by a number of private owners. It survived into the s when Ann Pellegreno between June 7 and July 10, , flew the aircraft on a round-the-world flight to commemorate Amelia Earhart's last flight in After being acquired by Air Canada, it was restored in and donated to the museum.[30][31]

    • – Electra 10A airworthy at the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

      It was one of a second batch of three Electras delivered to Trans-Canada Airlines. Found in Florida in the early s by a vacationing Air Canada employee, it was returned to Winnipeg for restoration.

      Amelia earhart planes names Lockheed Model 10 Electra family. In late November , while Earhart was away on a speaking tour, a fire broke out at the Putnam residence in Rye, destroying many family treasures and Earhart's personal mementos. Retrieved February 2, The alleged July 6 message, heard on one of Earhart's bands, was in a faint voice and its gender unidentifiable, which said: "Cannot hold out much longer".

      In it flew across Canada in honor of the 50th anniversary of Air Canada – who owns and operates the aircraft.[32][33]

    • – Electra 10A on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida.[34][35]
    • – Electra 10A on static display at the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland.[36]
    • - Electra 10A airworthy with Rob Mackley at Auckland, New Zealand registered as ZK-AFD.[37] Aircraft ex LAN Chile,[38] previously registered CC 'Diego de Almagro', CC-LGN, CC-CLG, CC-CLEA and N[39]
    • – XC in storage at the Paul E.

      Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility of the National Air and Space Museum in Suitland, Maryland. It was used for testing pressurization.[40]

    Specifications (Electra 10A)

    Data fromJane's All the World's Aircraft [41]

    General characteristics

    • Crew: 2
    • Capacity: 10 passengers + &#;lb (&#;kg) mail and baggage
    • Length: 38&#;ft 7&#;in (&#;m)
    • Wingspan: 55&#;ft (17&#;m)
    • Height: 10&#;ft 1&#;in (&#;m)
    • Wing area: &#;sq&#;ft (&#;m2)
    • Airfoil:root:Clark Y (18%); tip: Clark Y (9%)[42]
    • Empty weight: 6,&#;lb (2,&#;kg) equipped
    • Gross weight: 10,&#;lb (4,&#;kg)
    • Fuel capacity: &#;US&#;gal (&#;imp&#;gal; &#;L) in centre-section leading edges and fuselage
    • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney R Wasp Junior SB 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, &#;hp (&#;kW) each at 2, rpm at 5,&#;ft (1,&#;m)
    • Propellers: 2-bladed Hamilton Standard constant-speed propellers

    Performance

    • Maximum speed: &#;mph (&#;km/h, &#;kn) at sea level, fully loaded
    &#;mph (&#;kn; &#;km/h) at 5,&#;ft (1,&#;m)
    • Cruise speed: &#;mph (&#;km/h, &#;kn) at sea level
    &#;mph (&#;kn; &#;km/h) at 5,&#;ft (1,&#;m)
    &#;mph (&#;kn; &#;km/h) at 9,&#;ft (2,&#;m)
    • Landing speed: 64&#;mph (56&#;kn; &#;km/h) flaps down
    • Range: &#;mi (1,&#;km, &#;nmi) at 75% power with maximum fuel
    • Service ceiling: 21,&#;ft (6,&#;m) * Absolute ceiling: 23,&#;ft (7,&#;m)
    • Absolute ceiling on one engine: 5,&#;ft (1,&#;m) fully loaded
    • Rate of climb: 1,&#;ft/min (&#;m/s)
    • Wing loading: &#;lb/sq&#;ft (&#;kg/m2)
    • Power/mass: &#;hp/lb (&#;kW/kg)

    See also

    Related development

    Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

    Related lists

    References

    Notes

    1. ^"Lloyd Stearman".

      National Aviation Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 6 August Retrieved 22 May

    2. ^Phillips, Edward H (). Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History. Specialty PressPub & Wholesalers. p.&#;
    3. ^Gunston , p. 8.
    4. ^Francillon , pp. –
    5. ^"Mud Guards on Plane Wheels Protect Landing Gear."Popular Mechanics, April , p.

      , (bottom-right).

    6. ^ abcWinchester , p.
    7. ^Straits Times, 30 December , Page
    8. ^"New Plane Ready For Stratosphere Test Flights."Popular Mechanics, August
    9. ^ abcdefghijFrancillon , p.

    10. ^Bridgman , p. 24b.
    11. ^Bridgman , p. 30b.
    12. ^ abcFrancillon , p.
    13. ^ abcdefghiFrancillon , p.

      Amelia earhart planes names and photos Retrieved January 29, In July , they disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean during an attempted round-the-world flight. They were sent to Fiji for evaluation and it was determined that the bones were from an adult male. Letters from Amelia, —

    14. ^"ELECTRA". Pima Air & Space Museum. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 22 October
    15. ^"FAA REGISTRY [NC]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 23 October
    16. ^"Lockheed Model E Electra".

      The Museum of Flight. Retrieved 23 October

    17. ^"FAA REGISTRY [N72GT]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 23 October
    18. ^"Airframe Dossier - Lockheed L Electra, c/n , c/r N38BB".

      Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 23 October

    19. ^"Airframe Dossier - LockheedL Electra, c/n , c/r G-LIOA". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 23 October
    20. ^"FAA REGISTRY [ND]". Federal Aviation Administration. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 23 October
    21. ^Cronkleton, Robert A.

      (21 August ). "Plane similar to Amelia Earhart's aircraft to arrive Monday in Atchison, Kan". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved 23 October

    22. ^"Original Sister-Ship to Earhart's Plane to Make Final Journey Home to Atchison, Kansas, Birthplace of Amelia Earhart". AviationPros.

      Amelia earhart planes names and pictures Archived from the original on 25 September With her gas tanks empty gallons volume , the plane could have enough floatation not to sink for a while… assuming she did not crashed into the ocean hard. It weighed pounds kilograms. Hall Hibbard.

      15 August

    23. ^"Lockheed A 'Electra'". New England Air Museum. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 22 October
    24. ^"Visit". New England Air Museum.

    25. How old was amelia earhart when she died
    26. What happened to amelia earhart
    27. Amelia earhart disappearance
    28. Amelia earhart plane found
    29. When did amelia earhart die

      30. Archived from the original on 25 September Retrieved 22 October

    30. ^"Airframe Dossier - Lockheed XR, s/n USN, c/n , c/r N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 23 October
    31. ^"Lockheed Electra 10A Jana Antonína Baťi". Prague Tocna Airport (in Czech). Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 23 October
    32. ^" Electra being restored for trip home to Prague".

      The Wichita Eagle. 27 August Retrieved 23 October

    33. ^"Last flying Electra 10 lands at Warplane Heritage for maintenance". The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved
    34. ^Johnstone, Chris (28 May ). "BAŤA'S LOCKHEED ELECTRA PLANE RETURNS AFTER MORE THAN 75 YEARS". Czech Radio.

      Český Rozhlas. Retrieved 23 October

    35. ^"LOCKHEED LA ELECTRA". Ingenium. Retrieved 23 October
    36. ^"Airframe Dossier - Lockheed LA Electra, s/n RCAF, c/n , c/r CF-TCA". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 23 October
    37. ^"Lockheed 10A Electra, CF-TCC". Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada.

      Retrieved 23 October

    38. ^"Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [CF-TCC]". Transport Canada. 28 August Retrieved 23 October
    39. ^"L ELECTRA". National Naval Aviation Museum. Naval Aviation Museum Foundation. Retrieved 22 October
    40. ^"Airframe Dossier - Lockheed LA Electra, c/n , c/r N19HL".

      Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 23 October

    41. ^"AIRCRAFT [LOCKHEED MODEL 10E ELECTRA]". MOTAT. Archived from the original on 23 October Retrieved 22 October
    42. ^"Aircraft Registry Query Results".

      Amelia earhart planes she flew Following her parents' divorce in , Earhart drove her mother in "Yellow Peril" on a transcontinental trip from California with stops throughout the western United States and northward to Banff, Alberta , Canada. David Lewis, in Realizing the Dream of Flight , ed. Tucson , Arizona. Reuther, Ronald T.

      Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand. Retrieved 31 January

    43. ^"Lockheed Electra 10A C/n ". Aero R. Retrieved 31 January
    44. ^"Lockheed L10 Electra". Kiwi Aircraft Images. Retrieved 31 January
    45. ^"Lockheed XC Electra". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

      Archived from the original on 24 May Retrieved 22 October

    46. ^Grey, C.G.; Bridgman, Leonard, eds. (). Jane's All the World's Aircraft . London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. pp.&#;c –c.
    47. ^Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". .

      Amelia earhart planes names and prices: Putnam believed the messages to be authentic because they were within five minutes of the half hour, the expected interval of SOS messages. Toggle the table of contents. Sources have noted Earhart's apparent lack of understanding of her direction-finding system, which had been fitted to the aircraft just prior to the flight. Earhart was a widely known, international celebrity during her lifetime.

      Retrieved 16 April

    Bibliography

    • Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All the World's Aircraft . London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.,
    • Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since . London: Putnam, ISBN&#;
    • Francillon, René J. Lockheed Aircraft since . Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, ISBN&#;
    • Garrison, Peter.

      "Head Skunk". Air & Space Magazine, March

    • Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power – ". Air Enthusiast, No. 18, April – July pp.&#;61– ISSN&#;
    • Gunston, Bill. Lockheed Aircraft: The History of Lockheed Martin (Aircraft Cutaways). Oxford, UK: Osprey, ISBN&#;
    • Justo, Craig P. "Ten out of Ten: The Life and Times of a Lockheed Electra".

      Air Enthusiast, No. 94, July–August , pp.&#;10– ISSN&#;

    • Winchester, Jim, ed. "Lockheed 10 Electra". Civil Aircraft (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books plc, ISBN&#;

    External links

    Media related to Lockheed Model 10 Electra at Wikimedia Commons