How did matthew the apostle die

Matthew the Apostle

Christian evangelist and apostle

Not to be confused with Matthias the Apostle or Matthew.

"Saint Matthew" redirects here. For other uses, see Saint Matthew (disambiguation).

Matthew the Apostle (Saint Matthew)^[a] (Koine Greek: Ματθαῖος, romanized: Matthaîos; Aramaic: ܡܬܝ, romanized: Mattāy) was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus.

According to Christian traditions, he was also one of the four Evangelists as author of the Gospel of Matthew, and thus is also known as Matthew the Evangelist.

The claim of his gospel authorship is rejected by most modern biblical scholars, though the "traditional authorship still has its defenders." The New Testament records that as a disciple, he followed Jesus.

Church Fathers, such as Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria, relate that Matthew preached the gospel in Judea before going to other countries.

In the New Testament

Matthew is mentioned in Matthew ^[5] and Matthew ^[6] as a tax collector (in the New International Version and other translations of the Bible) who, while sitting at the "receipt of custom" in Capernaum, was called to follow Jesus.^[7] He is also listed among the Twelve Disciples, but without identification of his background, in Mark , Luke and Acts ^[8] In passages parallel to Matthew , both Mark ^[9] and Luke ^[10] describe Jesus's calling of the tax collector Levi, the son of Alphaeus.

However, they do not explicitly associate it with the name Matthew.

Since the father of both Levi/Matthew and James, son of Alphaeus is named Alphaeus, according to the tradition of the Eastern Orthodox Church the two apostles were brothers.^[11]^[12]

Ministry

The New Testament records that as a disciple, Matthew followed Jesus.

After Jesus' ascension, the disciples withdrew to an upper room (Acts –14) (traditionally the Cenacle) in Jerusalem. The disciples remained in and about Jerusalem and proclaimed that Jesus was the promised Messiah.

In the Babylonian Talmud (Sanhedrin 43a), "Mattai" is one of five disciples of "Jeshu".

Early Church Fathers such as Irenaeus (Against Heresies ) and Clement of Alexandria say that Matthew preached the gospel to the Jewish community in Judea, before going to other countries.

Ancient writers are not in agreement as to which other countries these are, but almost all sources mention Ethiopia. The Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church each hold the tradition that Matthew died as a martyr and the Babylonian Talmud appears to report his execution in Sanhedrin 43a.

According to Church tradition, while preaching in Ethiopia, Matthew converted, and then consecrated to God, Ephigenia of Ethiopia, the virgin daughter of King Egippus.^[18] When King Hirtacus succeeded Egippus, he asked the apostle if he could persuade Ephigenia to marry him.

Matthew invited King Hirtacus to liturgy the following Sunday, where he rebuked him for lusting after the girl, as she was a nun and therefore was the bride of Christ. The enraged King thus ordered his bodyguard to kill Matthew who stood at the altar, making him a martyr.^[19]

The Gospel of Matthew

Main article: Gospel of Matthew

Non-canonical or apocryphal gospels

In the 3rd century, Jewish–Christian gospels attributed to Matthew were used by Jewish–Christian groups such as the Nazarenes and Ebionites.

Fragments of these gospels survive in quotations by Jerome, Epiphanius and others. Most academic study follows the distinction of Gospel of the Nazarenes (36 fragments), Gospel of the Ebionites (7 fragments), and Gospel of the Hebrews (7 fragments) found in Schneemelcher's New Testament Apocrypha. Critical commentators generally regard these texts as having been composed in Greek and related to Greek Matthew.

A minority of commentators consider them to be fragments of a lost Aramaic- or Hebrew-language original.

The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew is a 7th-century compilation of three other texts: the Gospel of James, the Flight into Egypt, and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas.

Jerome relates that Matthew was supposed by the Nazarenes to have composed their Gospel of the Hebrews, though Irenaeus and Epiphanius of Salamis consider this simply a revised version of the canonical Gospel.

This Gospel has been partially preserved in the writings of the Church Fathers, said to have been written by Matthew. Epiphanius does not make his own the claim about a Gospel of the Hebrews written by Matthew, a claim that he merely attributes to the heretical Ebionites.

Veneration

Matthew is recognized as a saint in the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican churches (see St.

Matthew's Church). His tomb is located in the crypt of Salerno Cathedral in southern Italy.

Roman Catholicism

The Roman Catholic Church celebrates Matthew with a feast on September ^[40]

Lutheranism

The Lutheran Church ─ Missouri Synod remembers Matthew with a feast on September ^[41]

Anglicanism

The Anglican communion commemorates Matthew with a festival on September ^[42]

Eastern Orthodox

Matthew is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church with the following feast days.

In Christian Art

Like the other evangelists, Matthew is often depicted in Christian art with one of the four living creatures of Revelation ^[45] The one that accompanies him is in the form of a winged man. The three paintings of Matthew by Caravaggio in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, where he is depicted as called by Christ from his profession as a tax gatherer, are among the landmarks of Western art.

In Islam

The Quran speaks of Jesus' disciples but does not mention their names, instead referring to them as "helpers to the work of Allah".^[46] Muslim exegesis and Quran commentary, however, name them and include Matthew amongst the disciples. Muslim exegesis preserves the tradition that Matthew and Andrew were the two disciples who went to Ethiopia to preach the message of God.

In the Druze faith

Druze tradition honors several "mentors" and "prophets", and Matthew the Apostle is honored as a prophet.^[2] In the Druze tradition and doctrine, Matthew the Apostle is respected for his contributions to spiritual knowledge and guidance.^[2] Druze doctrine teaches that Christianity is to be "esteemed and praised", as the Gospel writers are regarded as "carriers of wisdom".^[48]

The number 5 contains an unstated significance within the Druze faith; it is believed in this area that great prophets come in groups of five.

In the time of the ancient Greeks, these five were represented by Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, Parmenides, and Empedocles. In the first century, the five were represented by Jesus Christ,^[49]^[50]John the Baptist,^[51] Saint Matthew, Saint Mark, and Saint Luke.^[2] In the time of the faith's foundation, the five were Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad, Muḥammad ibn Wahb al-Qurashī, Abū'l-Khayr Salama ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Samurri, Ismāʿīl ibn Muḥammad at-Tamīmī, and Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin.

In architecture

The Basilica of Annunciation in Nazareth houses a capital that depicts Matthew the Apostle and his story regarding King Eglypus of Aethiopia and his sons. It shows how Matthew is leading them away from the demon in the far corner of the capital. The biblical story tells of Matthew converting the king and his sons to Christianity.

Not only does this capital depict an act carried out by Matthew in the Bible, it foreshadows Matthew being a martyr. When Matthew the Apostle was murdered, he then became a martyr for the Christian religion as being killed for his faith and teachings given the demon in the corner of the capitol.

The apostle matthew biography bible study After Jesus' ascension, the disciples withdrew to an upper room Acts —14 [ 13 ] traditionally the Cenacle in Jerusalem. Abraham Isaac Jacob Joseph. Bingham, D. Luke makes a point of this.

The iconography of this capital helps understand the religion of the time period since it was just coming into Christendom. This shows the cross between Ethiopia and Nazareth as these are where the capitals are today.^[3]^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55]^[56]

In fiction

Gallery

References

Notes

^Biblical Hebrew: מַתִּתְיָהוּ&#;, romanized:&#;Mattityahu, shortened to מַתִּי&#;, Matti (whence Arabic: مَتَّى, romanized:&#;Mattā), meaning 'Gift of YHWH'; Imperial Aramaic: ܡܰܬ݁ܰܝ&#;, romanized:&#;Mattai; Koinē Greek: Μαθθαῖος, romanized:&#;Maththaîos, or Ματθαῖος, Matthaîos; Coptic: ⲙⲁⲧⲑⲉⲟⲥ, romanized:&#;Mattheos; Latin: Matthaeus
^Eusebius, "History of the Church" –17, c.&#; CE, Greek text "ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἱστόρηται τῷ Παπίᾳ περὶ τοῦ Μάρκου· περὶ δὲ τοῦ Ματθαῖου ταῦτ' εἴρηται· Ματθαῖος μὲν οὖν Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ τὰ λόγια συνετάξατο, ἡρμήνευσεν δ' αὐτὰ ὡς ἧν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος.

Various English translations published, standard reference translation by Philip Schaff at CCEL: "[C]oncerning Matthew he [Papias] writes as follows: 'So then() Matthew wrote the oracles in the Hebrew language, and every one interpreted them as he was able.'()" Online version includes footnotes and by Schaff.
Irenaeus of Lyons (died c. CE) makes a similar comment, possibly also drawing on Papias, in his Against Heresies, Book III, Chapter 1, "Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect"
^See also the two-source hypothesis.

Citations

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Swayd, Samy (). The A to Z of the Druzes. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^b"Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle, Washington, D.C." 21 September Retrieved 10 July
^Matthew
^Matthew
^Matthew ,Mark –17, Luke
^Mark , Luke and Acts
^Mark
^Luke
^"Nikolaj Velimirović Prologue of Ohrid".

Archived from the original on 2 May
^"Shams ibn Kabar The Lamp that Lights the Darkness in Clarifying the Service"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 13 October Retrieved 21 October
^The Golden Legend of Jacobus de Voragine, translated and adapted by Ryan, Granger and Helmut Ripperger.

(Arno Press: Longmans, Green & Co) pp. –
^The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p.&#;
^Nolland , p.&#;
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Archived from the original on 27 November Retrieved 27 November
^"Feasts and Festivals". LCMS. Archived from the original on 14 April Retrieved 27 November
^"The Calendar". The Church of England. Archived from the original on 8 July Retrieved 27 November
^"Synaxis of the Holy, Glorious and All-Praised Twelve Apostles".

OCA. Archived from the original on 27 November Retrieved 27 November
^"Apostle and Evangelist Matthew". OCA. Archived from the original on 27 November Retrieved 27 November
^Revelation
^Quran
^"On the Horizon: The Strange World of the Druzes".

Commentary Magazine. 20 January
^Hitti, Philip K. (). The Origins of the Druze People and Religion: With Extracts from Their Sacred Writings. Library of Alexandria. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Dana, Nissim (). The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status.

Michigan University press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Swayd, Samy (). Historical Dictionary of the Druzes. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^"Saint Matthew". . Franciscan Media. Retrieved 21 September
^"The Calendar". The Church of England.

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^Nees, Lawrence; Boehm, Barbara Drake; Holcolmb, Melanie (). "Pleasurable Perplexity: Reflecting the Holy City". The Jewish Quarterly Review. (4): – ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
^Jasmine A. L. Kilburn. "The Contrasted `Other' in the Old English Apocryphal Acts of Matthew, Simon and Jude." Neophilologus 87 (1) (01): –
^Naomi, Simhony.

"The Central Synagogue of Nazareth Illit and its Architectural Dialogue with Nazareth's Basilica of the Annunciation." Humanities & Social Sciences Communications 7 (1) (12).

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